Established model

The pyramid principle

Barbara Minto · 1973

State the answer first, then the reasons that support it, then the evidence underneath each reason.

Its place in the frameworkData CoreReporting

What it does

Developed at McKinsey for written recommendations. Ideas are grouped so that each level summarises the one below, and the whole thing is read top-down. It works because a reader who has the conclusion can evaluate the argument as it arrives, and a reader who does not is merely waiting.

Reach for it when
For any report or recommendation, and especially for the ones that build carefully to a conclusion on the last page.
Where it stops
It structures a case you have already reached. It is a way of communicating a conclusion, not of finding one, and used too early it hardens a view before the analysis is done.

Barbara Minto, The Pyramid Principle, Pitman, 1973.

Why it sits at Reporting

The machinery that gets numbers from data to a reader: what is produced, in what form, how it reaches people, and whether any of it is actually read.

A model is only useful when you reach for it at the right moment. This one answers a question that arises here — so it is filed here, and nowhere else. These are the working areas it serves:

All of Reporting

What it touches elsewhere

Nothing in a business is decided on its own. A conclusion reached with this model at Reporting lands in these other cores, whether or not anyone follows it there.

Filed at the same place

These answer questions that arise at Reporting too. Where they disagree with this one, the disagreement is the useful part.

Elsewhere in Data Core

These are other people’s models, named here so you can go to the source and use them properly. The Omnigoal is not affiliated with their authors and is not endorsed by them; nothing of theirs is reproduced here — no canvas, no diagram, no wording. Each is described in our own words, with the originator credited, because the framework is a place to put thinking, not a replacement for the people who did it. Model names and trademarks belong to their respective owners and are used here only to refer to the work itself.

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